Beaver
Beavers are rodents, like squirrels or woodchucks, even mice, but they are very fascinating in the ways they can adapt to changes in their environments to meet their needs. Beavers have four chisel-like teeth and their teeth continue to grow, thus the need to constantly be chewing on wood, to keep their teeth sharpened. The teeth are made with bright orange enamel in front and harder than the dentine in the back. The paired teeth work against each other and that makes them self-sharpening.
The beaver's tail is much different than other animals. At the base it is round and covered by hair. The remainder is flat and paddle-shaped. Figuring by the age a beaver might be the tail is four to seven inches wide and can be as long as 18 inches. During swimming the tail is used like a rudder and driving plane, but it also serves to help regulate the beaver's temperature, stores fat, and used to signal danger to others by the slap on the water.
Typical beavers weight 40 to 60 pounds and are about four feet long. It is said that a beaver has the ability to continue to grow and that back in 1921, a man by the name of Vernon Bailey, found one weighting 110 pounds.
A beaver can swim as fast as six miles an hour but usually tends to glide along at a slow pace. Beavers have hind feet with five webbed toes. The front feet has five fingers that are used for digging and holding, and they usually hold their front feet close to their chest when swimming. Some say they have recorded beavers staying under water from 10 to 14 minutes. To stay under water that long the beavers have huge lungs and a liver to store more air, as the blood vessels to it's extremities constrict, while the blood supply to the brain remains normal. Their system tolerates large amounts of carbon dioxide, without any difficulty and exchanges 70 percent of the air in their lungs compared to a humans 15 to 20 percent.
Their bodies have adaptations that allow them to swim and dive with ease. A beaver can open its mouth underwater and pick up sticks without swallowing any water. They have furry flaps on the sides of their mouths that close behind their teeth. Their ears are small and are valvular so they can be closed to keep out water. It's nostrils are on the side of it's face so they can close easier. And lastly there is a transparent membrane that covers the beaver's eye and allows it to see more clearly underwater.
The female beaver mates for life, but the males are polygamous. Breeding begins around mid- January and extends into late February. Birth happens in May or June. Usually a single litter produces four kits. The family consists of two adults, a few yearlings, and kits the baby beavers. At two years of age the young beavers are forced to leave home.
Sometimes they will leave in pairs and travel 10 to 50 miles to establish their own colony.
Many places we go to camp or fish, have streams and rivers, and lakes that have been dammed up to form a quiet pool for a colony of beavers. Lots of times they need to to trapped and moved to other locations due to the damage they do. Keep an eye out for them and enjoy the beauty of one of natures most amazing creatures.